The Cutting Edge in Print
Images and the Discerning Mind in Achille Marozzo’s Opera nova (1536)
Abstract
This article explores how Scholastic notions of the body, mind and cognition inform the didactic principles structuring the Opera nova (1536) by Achille Marozzo (1484-1553). A Bolognese fencing master, Marozzo belonged to a tradition of institutionalized martial training which had historically emphasized its connections to academic discourses of learning. In spite of this, Marozzo’s own work has been interpreted as following a straightforward tradition of copying forms and patterns, without much of an underlying theoretical argument. This article argues that Marozzo does present several conceptual references to Scholastic ideas about the workings of the brain, however, in particular to the mind’s dependence on mental images provided by the senses. Delving into these references not only helps to understand the didactic principles at work in the Opera nova as a whole, but also the specific role Marozzo seems to have attributed to the many woodcuts included in his book. In presenting this argument, this article then argues for the fruitful insights that can be gained from connecting fight books to both medieval and early modern Scholasticism, and the history of early modern art and science.
References
Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Res/4 Gymn. 26 (Achille Marozzo. Opera Nova, Modena: Antonio Bergoli, 1536)
Anglo, Sydney, ‘How to Kill a Man at your Ease: Fencing Books and the Duelling Ethic’, in Chivalry in the Renaissance, ed. by Sydney Anglo (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1990), pp. 1-12
Anglo, Sydney, The Martial Arts of Renaissance Europe (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000)
Bas, Pierre-Henry, ‘Restitution des gestes martiaux: évolutions et révolutions au milieu du XVIe siècle’, in Expérimenter le maniement des armes à la fin du Moyen Age, ed. by Daniel Jaquet and Nicolas Baptiste (Basel: Schwabe Verlag, 2016), pp. 73-84
Bauer, Matthias Johannes, ‘Einen Zedel fechter ich mich ruem / Im Schwerd vnd Messer vngestuem. Fechtmeister als Protagonisten und als (fach-)literarisches Motiv in den deutschsprachigen Fechtlehren des Mittelalters und der Frühen Neuzeit’, Das Mittelalter, 19/2 (2014): 302-325
Bianchi, Luca, ‘Continuity and Change in the Aristotelian Tradition’, in The Cambrdige Companion to Renaissance Philosophy, ed. by James Hankins (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), pp. 49–71
Blair, Ann, ‘Natural Philosophy’, in The Cambridge History of Science: Volume 3: Early Modern Science, ed. by Katharine Park and Lorraine Daston (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), pp. 363–406
Bodemer, Heidemarie, Das Fechtbuch, Untersuchungen zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der bildkünstlerischen Darstellung der Fechtkunst in den Fechtbüchern des mediterranen und westeuropäischen Raumes vom Mittelalter bis Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts (unpublished Ph.D dissertation, University of Stuttgart, 2008)
Burkart, Eric, ‘Der Aufzeichnung des Nicht-Sagbaren. Annäherung an die kommunikative Funktion der Bilder in den Fechtbüchern des Hans Talhofer’, Das Mittelalter, 19/2 (2014): 253-301
Cunningham, Andrew and Sachiko Kusukawa, ‘Introduction’, in Natural Philosophy Epitomised: A translation of books 8-11 of Gregor Reisch’s Philosophical pearl (1503), ed. and trans. by Andrew Cunningham and Sachiko Kusukawa (Farnham: Ashgate, 2010), pp. ix-lxxiv
Dackerman, Susan, ‘Introduction: Prints as Instruments’, in Prints and the Pursuit of Knowledge in Early Modern Europe, ed. by Susan Dackerman (Cambridge MAS: Harvard Art Museums / New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011), pp. 19-35
Daston, Lorraine, ‘Epistemic Images’, in Vision and Its Instruments: art, science and technology in early modern Europe, ed. by Alina Payne (University Park: Princeton University Press, 2015), pp. 13-35
De Boer, Sander, ‘The (Human) Soul’, in The Routledge Companion to Sixteenth Century Philosohpy, ed. by Henrik Lagerlund and Benjamin Hill (Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 2017), pp. 411-435
Dupré, Sven, ‘Die Sichtbarkeit und Unsichtbarkeit von Körperwissen in der Kodifikation der Künste in der frühen Neuzeit’, Paragrana – Internationale Zeitschrift für Historische Anthropologie, 25/1 (2016): 110-129
Dupré, Sven and Christine Göttler, ‘Introduction, hidden artifices’, in Knowledge and Discernment in the Early Modern Arts, ed. by Sven Dupré and Christine Göttler (Abingdon: Routledge, 2017), pp. 1-16
Dupré, Sven and Gerard Somsen, ‘The History of Knowledge and the Future of Knowledge Societies’, Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte, 42/2-3 (2019): 186-199
Eardley, Peter S. and Carl N. Still, Aquinas: A Guide for the Perplexed (London: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2010)
Even-Ezra, Ayelet, Lines of Thought: Branching Diagrams and the Medieval Mind (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2021)
Golinski, Jan, Making Natural Knowledge, Constructivism and the History of Science, with a new Preface (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008)
Gotti, Roberto and Daniel Jaquet, ‘Two late flying prints informing on the artist involved in the Opera Nova of Achille Marozzo and on the date of an original (lost) edition?’, Acta Periodica Duellatorum, 4/1 (2016): 213-228
Grassi, Ernesto, Renaissance Humanism, Studies in Philosophy and Poetics (New York: Binghamton, 1988)
Haage, B.D. and W. Wegner, Deutsche Fachliteratur der Artes in Mittelalter und Früher Neuzeit (Berlin: Erich Schmidt Verlag, 2007)
Hagendijk, Thijs, ‘Learning a Craft from Books. Historical Re-Enactment of Functional Reading in Gold- and Silversmithing’, Nuncius, 33/2 (2018): 198-235
Jonker, Matthijs, ‘Producing Knowledge in Early Modern Rome: Concepts and Practices of Disegno in the Accademia di San Luca and the Accademia dei Lincei’, Journal for the History of Knowledge, 2/1 (2021): 1-15
Jonker, Matthijs, The Academization of Art. A Practice Approach to the Early Histories of the Accademia del Disegno and the Accademia di San Luca (Rome: Edizioni Quasar, 2022)
Kleinau, Jens Peter, ‘Visualised Motion: Iconography of Medieval and Renaissance Fencing Books’, in Late Medieval and Early Modern Fight Books, Transmission and Tradition of Martial Arts in Europe (14th – 17th Centuries), ed. by Daniel Jaquet, Karin Verelst and Timothy Dawson (Leiden: Brill, 2016), pp. 88-116
Kusukawa, Sachiko, ‘Drawing as an Instrument of Knowledge: the Case of Conrad Gessner’, Vision and Its Instruments: art, science and technology in early modern Europe, ed. by Alina Payne (University Park: Princeton University Press, 2015), pp. 36-48
Leblanc, Hélène, ‘Federico Zuccari among the Scholastics: disegno, conceptus, species, and signum formale’, Ut in schola dicitur: The Presence of scholasticism in early modern theories of literature and art, ed. by Ralph Dekoninck, Agnès Guiderdoni, Hélène Leblanc and Aline Smeesters (Turnhout: Brepols, forthcoming)
Leijenhorst, Cees, ‘The Nature of the Understanding: Intellect, Conception, and Concepts’, in The Routledge Companion to Sixteenth Century Philosohpy, ed. by Henrik Lagerlund and Benjamin Hill (Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 2017), pp. 475-492
Lüthy, Christoph and Alexis Smets, ‘Words, Lines, Diagrams, Images: Towards a History of Scientific Imagery’, Early Science and Medicine, 14 (2009): 398-439
Passada, Andrés Vélez, ‘Genius, as ingenium’, in Encyclopedia of Early Modern Philosophy and the Sciences, ed. by D. Jalobeanu and C.T. Wolfe (Cham: Springer, 2020)
Pons, Alain, ‘Ingenium’, in Dictionary of Untranslatables, ed. by Barbara Cassin (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2014), pp. 485-489
Marr, Alexander, Raphaële Garrod, José Ramón Marcaida and Richard J. Oosterhoff, Logodaedalus: Word Histories of Ingenuity in Early Modern Europe (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2018)
Marr, Alexander, ‘Knowing Images’, Renaissance Quarterly, 69/3 (2016): 1000-1013
Mondschein, Ken, ‘The Italian Schools of Fencing: Art, Science, and Pedagogy’, in Late Medieval and Early Modern Fight Books, Transmission and Tradition of Martial Arts in Europe (14th – 17th Centuries), ed. by Daniel Jaquet, Karin Verelst and Timothy Dawson (Leiden: Brill, 2016), pp. 280-323
Müller, Jan-Dirk, ‘Bild – Vers – Prosakommentar am Beispiel von Fechtbüchern. Probleme der Verschriftlichung einer schriftlosen Praxis’, in Pragmatische Schriftlichkeit im Mittelalter: Erscheinungsformen und Entwicklungsstufen, ed. by Hagen Keller (Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1992), pp. 251-282
Müller, Jan-Dirk, ‘Zwischen mündlicher Anweisung und schriftlicher Sicherung von Tradition. Zur Kommunikationsstruktur spätmittelalterlicher Fechtbücher’, in Kommunikation und Alltag in Spätmittelalter und früher Neuzeit, ed. by H. Hundsbichler (Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1992), pp. 379-400
Müller, Jan-Dirk, ‘Hans Lecküchners Messerfechtlehre und die Tradition. Schriftliche Anweisungen für eine praktische Disziplin’, in Wissen für den Hof. Der spätmittelalterliche Verschriftlichungsprozeß am Beispiel Heidelberg im 15. Jahrhundert, ed. by Jan-Dirk Müller (Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1994), pp. 355-384
Refini, Eugenio, The Vernacular Aristotle. Translation as Reception in Medieval and Renaissance Italy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020)
Remond, Jaya, ‘Artful instruction: pictorializing and printing artistic knowledge in early modern Germany’, Word & Image, A Journal of Verbal/Visual Inquiry, 36/2 (2020): 101-134
Schmitt, Charles B., Aristotle in the Renaissance (Cambridge MAS: Harvard University Press, 1983)
Schmutz, Jacob, ‘From Theology to Philosophy: the Changing Status of the Summa Theologiae, 1500-2000’, Aquinas’ Summa Theologiae: A Critical Guide, ed. by J. Hause (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), pp. 221-241
Sibum, Otto H., ‘Science and the Knowing Body: Making Sense of Embodied Knowledge in Scientific Experiment’, in Reconstruction, Replication and Re-enactment in the Humanities and Social Sciences, ed. by Sven Dupré, Anna Harris, Julia Kursell, Patricia Lulof and Maartje Stols-Witlox (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021), pp. 275-294
Smith, Pamela H., ‘Science on the Move: Recent Trends in the History of Early Modern Science’, Renaissance Quarterly, 62/2 (2009): 345-375
Smith, Pamela H., and The Making and Knowing Project, ‘Historians in the Laboratory: Reconstruction of Renaissance Art and Technology in the Making and Knowing Project’, Art History, 39/2 (2016): 210-233
Summers, David, The Judgment of Sense. Renaissance Naturalism and the Rise the Aesthetics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987)
Swan, Claudia, ‘The Uses of Realism in Early Modern Illustrated Botany’, in Visualizing Medieval Medicine and Natural History, 1200-1550, ed. by Jean A. Givens, Karen M. Reeds and Alain Touwaide (Farnham: Ashgate, 2006), pp. 239-249
Verelst, Karin, Daniel Jaquet and Timothy Dawson, ‘Introduction’, in Late Medieval and Early Modern Fight Books, Transmission and Tradition of Martial Arts in Europe (14th – 17th Centuries), ed. by Daniel Jaquet, Karin Verelst and Timothy Dawson (Leiden: Brill, 2016), pp. 7-27
Wellmann, Janina, ‘Hand Und Leib, Arbeiten Und Üben. Instruktionsgraphiken Der Bewegung Im 17. Und 18. Jahrhundert’, in Bewegtes Leben, Körpertechniken in Der Frühen Neuzeit, ed. by Rebekka von Mallinckrodt (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2008), pp. 15–38
Williams, Robert, Art, Theory and Culture in Sixteenth-Century Italy. From Techne to Metatechne (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994)
Anglo, Sydney, ‘How to Kill a Man at your Ease: Fencing Books and the Duelling Ethic’, in Chivalry in the Renaissance, ed. by Sydney Anglo (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1990), pp. 1-12
Anglo, Sydney, The Martial Arts of Renaissance Europe (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000)
Bas, Pierre-Henry, ‘Restitution des gestes martiaux: évolutions et révolutions au milieu du XVIe siècle’, in Expérimenter le maniement des armes à la fin du Moyen Age, ed. by Daniel Jaquet and Nicolas Baptiste (Basel: Schwabe Verlag, 2016), pp. 73-84
Bauer, Matthias Johannes, ‘Einen Zedel fechter ich mich ruem / Im Schwerd vnd Messer vngestuem. Fechtmeister als Protagonisten und als (fach-)literarisches Motiv in den deutschsprachigen Fechtlehren des Mittelalters und der Frühen Neuzeit’, Das Mittelalter, 19/2 (2014): 302-325
Bianchi, Luca, ‘Continuity and Change in the Aristotelian Tradition’, in The Cambrdige Companion to Renaissance Philosophy, ed. by James Hankins (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), pp. 49–71
Blair, Ann, ‘Natural Philosophy’, in The Cambridge History of Science: Volume 3: Early Modern Science, ed. by Katharine Park and Lorraine Daston (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), pp. 363–406
Bodemer, Heidemarie, Das Fechtbuch, Untersuchungen zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der bildkünstlerischen Darstellung der Fechtkunst in den Fechtbüchern des mediterranen und westeuropäischen Raumes vom Mittelalter bis Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts (unpublished Ph.D dissertation, University of Stuttgart, 2008)
Burkart, Eric, ‘Der Aufzeichnung des Nicht-Sagbaren. Annäherung an die kommunikative Funktion der Bilder in den Fechtbüchern des Hans Talhofer’, Das Mittelalter, 19/2 (2014): 253-301
Cunningham, Andrew and Sachiko Kusukawa, ‘Introduction’, in Natural Philosophy Epitomised: A translation of books 8-11 of Gregor Reisch’s Philosophical pearl (1503), ed. and trans. by Andrew Cunningham and Sachiko Kusukawa (Farnham: Ashgate, 2010), pp. ix-lxxiv
Dackerman, Susan, ‘Introduction: Prints as Instruments’, in Prints and the Pursuit of Knowledge in Early Modern Europe, ed. by Susan Dackerman (Cambridge MAS: Harvard Art Museums / New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011), pp. 19-35
Daston, Lorraine, ‘Epistemic Images’, in Vision and Its Instruments: art, science and technology in early modern Europe, ed. by Alina Payne (University Park: Princeton University Press, 2015), pp. 13-35
De Boer, Sander, ‘The (Human) Soul’, in The Routledge Companion to Sixteenth Century Philosohpy, ed. by Henrik Lagerlund and Benjamin Hill (Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 2017), pp. 411-435
Dupré, Sven, ‘Die Sichtbarkeit und Unsichtbarkeit von Körperwissen in der Kodifikation der Künste in der frühen Neuzeit’, Paragrana – Internationale Zeitschrift für Historische Anthropologie, 25/1 (2016): 110-129
Dupré, Sven and Christine Göttler, ‘Introduction, hidden artifices’, in Knowledge and Discernment in the Early Modern Arts, ed. by Sven Dupré and Christine Göttler (Abingdon: Routledge, 2017), pp. 1-16
Dupré, Sven and Gerard Somsen, ‘The History of Knowledge and the Future of Knowledge Societies’, Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte, 42/2-3 (2019): 186-199
Eardley, Peter S. and Carl N. Still, Aquinas: A Guide for the Perplexed (London: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2010)
Even-Ezra, Ayelet, Lines of Thought: Branching Diagrams and the Medieval Mind (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2021)
Golinski, Jan, Making Natural Knowledge, Constructivism and the History of Science, with a new Preface (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008)
Gotti, Roberto and Daniel Jaquet, ‘Two late flying prints informing on the artist involved in the Opera Nova of Achille Marozzo and on the date of an original (lost) edition?’, Acta Periodica Duellatorum, 4/1 (2016): 213-228
Grassi, Ernesto, Renaissance Humanism, Studies in Philosophy and Poetics (New York: Binghamton, 1988)
Haage, B.D. and W. Wegner, Deutsche Fachliteratur der Artes in Mittelalter und Früher Neuzeit (Berlin: Erich Schmidt Verlag, 2007)
Hagendijk, Thijs, ‘Learning a Craft from Books. Historical Re-Enactment of Functional Reading in Gold- and Silversmithing’, Nuncius, 33/2 (2018): 198-235
Jonker, Matthijs, ‘Producing Knowledge in Early Modern Rome: Concepts and Practices of Disegno in the Accademia di San Luca and the Accademia dei Lincei’, Journal for the History of Knowledge, 2/1 (2021): 1-15
Jonker, Matthijs, The Academization of Art. A Practice Approach to the Early Histories of the Accademia del Disegno and the Accademia di San Luca (Rome: Edizioni Quasar, 2022)
Kleinau, Jens Peter, ‘Visualised Motion: Iconography of Medieval and Renaissance Fencing Books’, in Late Medieval and Early Modern Fight Books, Transmission and Tradition of Martial Arts in Europe (14th – 17th Centuries), ed. by Daniel Jaquet, Karin Verelst and Timothy Dawson (Leiden: Brill, 2016), pp. 88-116
Kusukawa, Sachiko, ‘Drawing as an Instrument of Knowledge: the Case of Conrad Gessner’, Vision and Its Instruments: art, science and technology in early modern Europe, ed. by Alina Payne (University Park: Princeton University Press, 2015), pp. 36-48
Leblanc, Hélène, ‘Federico Zuccari among the Scholastics: disegno, conceptus, species, and signum formale’, Ut in schola dicitur: The Presence of scholasticism in early modern theories of literature and art, ed. by Ralph Dekoninck, Agnès Guiderdoni, Hélène Leblanc and Aline Smeesters (Turnhout: Brepols, forthcoming)
Leijenhorst, Cees, ‘The Nature of the Understanding: Intellect, Conception, and Concepts’, in The Routledge Companion to Sixteenth Century Philosohpy, ed. by Henrik Lagerlund and Benjamin Hill (Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 2017), pp. 475-492
Lüthy, Christoph and Alexis Smets, ‘Words, Lines, Diagrams, Images: Towards a History of Scientific Imagery’, Early Science and Medicine, 14 (2009): 398-439
Passada, Andrés Vélez, ‘Genius, as ingenium’, in Encyclopedia of Early Modern Philosophy and the Sciences, ed. by D. Jalobeanu and C.T. Wolfe (Cham: Springer, 2020)
Pons, Alain, ‘Ingenium’, in Dictionary of Untranslatables, ed. by Barbara Cassin (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2014), pp. 485-489
Marr, Alexander, Raphaële Garrod, José Ramón Marcaida and Richard J. Oosterhoff, Logodaedalus: Word Histories of Ingenuity in Early Modern Europe (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2018)
Marr, Alexander, ‘Knowing Images’, Renaissance Quarterly, 69/3 (2016): 1000-1013
Mondschein, Ken, ‘The Italian Schools of Fencing: Art, Science, and Pedagogy’, in Late Medieval and Early Modern Fight Books, Transmission and Tradition of Martial Arts in Europe (14th – 17th Centuries), ed. by Daniel Jaquet, Karin Verelst and Timothy Dawson (Leiden: Brill, 2016), pp. 280-323
Müller, Jan-Dirk, ‘Bild – Vers – Prosakommentar am Beispiel von Fechtbüchern. Probleme der Verschriftlichung einer schriftlosen Praxis’, in Pragmatische Schriftlichkeit im Mittelalter: Erscheinungsformen und Entwicklungsstufen, ed. by Hagen Keller (Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1992), pp. 251-282
Müller, Jan-Dirk, ‘Zwischen mündlicher Anweisung und schriftlicher Sicherung von Tradition. Zur Kommunikationsstruktur spätmittelalterlicher Fechtbücher’, in Kommunikation und Alltag in Spätmittelalter und früher Neuzeit, ed. by H. Hundsbichler (Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1992), pp. 379-400
Müller, Jan-Dirk, ‘Hans Lecküchners Messerfechtlehre und die Tradition. Schriftliche Anweisungen für eine praktische Disziplin’, in Wissen für den Hof. Der spätmittelalterliche Verschriftlichungsprozeß am Beispiel Heidelberg im 15. Jahrhundert, ed. by Jan-Dirk Müller (Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1994), pp. 355-384
Refini, Eugenio, The Vernacular Aristotle. Translation as Reception in Medieval and Renaissance Italy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020)
Remond, Jaya, ‘Artful instruction: pictorializing and printing artistic knowledge in early modern Germany’, Word & Image, A Journal of Verbal/Visual Inquiry, 36/2 (2020): 101-134
Schmitt, Charles B., Aristotle in the Renaissance (Cambridge MAS: Harvard University Press, 1983)
Schmutz, Jacob, ‘From Theology to Philosophy: the Changing Status of the Summa Theologiae, 1500-2000’, Aquinas’ Summa Theologiae: A Critical Guide, ed. by J. Hause (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), pp. 221-241
Sibum, Otto H., ‘Science and the Knowing Body: Making Sense of Embodied Knowledge in Scientific Experiment’, in Reconstruction, Replication and Re-enactment in the Humanities and Social Sciences, ed. by Sven Dupré, Anna Harris, Julia Kursell, Patricia Lulof and Maartje Stols-Witlox (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021), pp. 275-294
Smith, Pamela H., ‘Science on the Move: Recent Trends in the History of Early Modern Science’, Renaissance Quarterly, 62/2 (2009): 345-375
Smith, Pamela H., and The Making and Knowing Project, ‘Historians in the Laboratory: Reconstruction of Renaissance Art and Technology in the Making and Knowing Project’, Art History, 39/2 (2016): 210-233
Summers, David, The Judgment of Sense. Renaissance Naturalism and the Rise the Aesthetics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987)
Swan, Claudia, ‘The Uses of Realism in Early Modern Illustrated Botany’, in Visualizing Medieval Medicine and Natural History, 1200-1550, ed. by Jean A. Givens, Karen M. Reeds and Alain Touwaide (Farnham: Ashgate, 2006), pp. 239-249
Verelst, Karin, Daniel Jaquet and Timothy Dawson, ‘Introduction’, in Late Medieval and Early Modern Fight Books, Transmission and Tradition of Martial Arts in Europe (14th – 17th Centuries), ed. by Daniel Jaquet, Karin Verelst and Timothy Dawson (Leiden: Brill, 2016), pp. 7-27
Wellmann, Janina, ‘Hand Und Leib, Arbeiten Und Üben. Instruktionsgraphiken Der Bewegung Im 17. Und 18. Jahrhundert’, in Bewegtes Leben, Körpertechniken in Der Frühen Neuzeit, ed. by Rebekka von Mallinckrodt (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2008), pp. 15–38
Williams, Robert, Art, Theory and Culture in Sixteenth-Century Italy. From Techne to Metatechne (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994)
Published
2023-05-15
How to Cite
Pietersma, M. (2023). The Cutting Edge in Print: Images and the Discerning Mind in Achille Marozzo’s Opera nova (1536). Acta Periodica Duellatorum, 11(1), 65–89. https://doi.org/10.36950/apd-2023-005
Section
Articles
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Miente Pietersma
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
