De masones, sodomitas, herejes y comunistas: las minorías en la historia de la lexicografía monolingüe española

Abstract

In the history of the Spanish monolingual lexicography is possible to identify dominant ideologies that have projected a relatively homogeneous worldview in the Hispanic cultural framework while silenced and/or minimized dissident ideological orientations. A canonical model of life, only a reflection of the real world, has been consolidated through dictionaries and was generally accepted by the majority of lexical editors. In this sense, the dictionary is not only hampers the cultural heritage, but also becomes an instrument that builds, designs and consolidates a certain way of seeing the world (Fishman 1995). The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that minorities moving in dissent or otherness have been traditionally silenced or, more often, have been damaged in monolingual dictionaries of the Spanish until well into the twentieth century. Also, the article offers an analysis of the strategies employed throughout the history of the Spanish monolingual lexicography to hide, discredit and vex groups on the margins of dominant ideologies.